Automotive Engineering

Automotive Engineering Automobiles are vastly increasing their efficiency and safety while retaining the fun. They go farther, last longer and have more advanced features for the driver. Even foreign companies are putting the pedal to the metal and are coming out with new models mainly focusing on fuel whether it is gas, electric, ethanol, or vegetables. Cars are being accommodated for the every day soccer mom or the younger speed craving youth driving America today, there may be a category for a mid-life crisis in there.Automotive engineers design, test and develop vehicles or components from concept stage all the way to the production and are involved in improving the Automobile in response to customer feedback once on the market. Specializing in areas like aerodynamics, alternative fuels, chassis, electronics, emissions, manufacturing, materials, rapid prototyping, vehicle and pedestrian safety or supply chain management. They use both traditional methods and state-of-the-art technology to engineer vehi cles to increasingly high standards.TYPEONEAlso they use design intuition to appeal to the every day soccer mom or the speed craving mid-life crisis man.They are not directly involved in concept development or manufacture, but they will work with stylists and production engineers to make sure that the whole process is efficient and planned well.Typical work activities of an automotive engineer consist of working on the development of land-based vehicles and their activities are either, design new products or revising existing ones, research and development, finding solutions to engineering problems, or production of new cars.Most graduates start with a formal training program that lasts about 12-24 months, which is a series of placements in different departments in the company. During this time the graduate gains a general knowledge into other areas of the company and can build up a bunch of contacts. At the end of the...

Brain Cancer Essays - Medicine, Health, Clinical Medicine, RTT

Brain Cancer Essays - Medicine, Health, Clinical Medicine, RTT Brain Cancer The body normally forms new cells only when they are needed to replace old or damaged ones. If something happens to disturb this controlled process, abnormal or excessive cells are produced. When this occurs a tumor is developed. This is known as cancer. When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be benign or malignant (benign being not cancerous and malignant being cancerous). Both types can be deadly when dealing with the brain. Benign brain tumors consist of very slow growing cells. They have distinct borders and rarely spread to other locations. When viewed under a microscope, the cells of a benign tumor have an almost normal appearance. Even though these tumors sound harmless they can be life-threatening when located in such a vital area. Since the skull is unable to expand when the tumor grows it puts pressure on the brain. This results in damaged brain tissues and if left untreated a person could die. A malignant tumor is a tumor that could potentially invade and destroy important tissues and cells. They can also spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). Brain tumors can initially start in the brain. They can also spread to other parts of the body from the brain but this rarely happens. Some tumors may be worse than others. Tumor staging is used to determine the extent of cancer. The stage indicates if the cancer has spread and how far. The stages are listed below: T = Primary tumor size/extent T0: Primary tumor not present T1, T2, T3, T4 The higher the number, the larger the size/extent of the tumor. N = Regional lymph node involvement N0: No lymph node involvement N1, N2, N3 The higher the number, the more lymph node involvement. M = Distant metastasis M0: no metastasis M1: Metastasis present The cause of brain cancer is unknown. It is likely they are caused by many factors. Some of these factors are genetic damage, inheritance, electromagnetic fields, weak immune system, viruses, injury, diet, chemicals, hormones, environmental factors, and occupational factors. The most common and often first symptoms of brain tumors are headaches and seizures. Later symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fever, change in pulse, and trouble breathing. Mental changes may also occur such as difficulty in communication and speech. In general symptoms greatly depend on the location of the tumor. For example if the tumor is on the occipital lobe, you would have problems with your vision. Treatment of a tumor depends on its location and type, but surgical removal of the tumor if the primary treatment for cancer. Some tumors can be removed without harm to any part of the brain while others are in areas that make surgical removal impossible. Most tumors are treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. A new procedure is being tried called gamma knife, which is a type of radio surgery. It uses precise radiation to isolate and kill the tumor. One positive aspect of this procedure is that it limits the amount of radiation that the entire brain receives so less normal brain cells are destroyed. Some Statistics Within the next year, over 100,000 people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with brain cancer. Brain tumors are the second leading cause of death in the age group 15-34. Brain tumors are the second fastest growing cause of cancer death among those over age 65. Approximately 44 percent of all primary brain tumors are benign. Unlike most benign tumors when located on the brain they can cause death. Because of their location brain, tumors are difficult to treat. Brain cancer research is underfunded. The cause of brain cancer is still unknown. The cure rate for brain cancer is lower than that of most other types of cancer.

A Cry from the Grave by Leslie Woodhead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Cry from the Grave by Leslie Woodhead - Essay Example This mass killing is indeed a very horrible and a very traumatic occurrence in Bosnia. The experience of Bosnian Muslims during the period of war is of course a tragic one. Nobody except the Bosnian community could understand what it was like to be there in a place where it had seemed that death was the only thing that could happen to them at the end of the day. Nonetheless, the documentary â€Å"A Cry from the Grave† which has captured the dread and terror of the hour by hour story of the July 1995 Srebrenica genocide during the Bosnian war conveys a message that even if the war is over, it is not enough because there were more than 80,000 Bosnian Muslim who were still crying for justice from their graves. The images from video clippings of the camcorder and from the photographs of the Bosnian war, without a doubt, served a function of being the strongest element in the documentary itself to express that disastrous incident. Images of people seeking for refuge, images of peop le trying to escape their danger from the Serbian forces, images of people wounded, and the images of people killed have captured and covered not only the Bosnian genocide but can also elicit sentiments of sorrow, grief and fear from the testimonies of the survivors of the said war. The Bosnian war had all begun when the Bosnian Serbs attacked the lands where the Bosnian Muslims were residing. They attacked such zones in order to secure the Serb’s territory. This was followed by â€Å"ethnic cleansing†. The Serbian forces systematically eliminated the Muslim population within their territory. They separated the men from the women and children. Some of them were forced to escape the zones which the Serbs had considered to own. Nonetheless, this also resulted to thousands of deaths among the Bosnian Muslims. In addition to that, the series of constant attacks made by the Serbian army had likewise resulted to thousands of killings. Meanwhile, the United Nation declared th at Srebrenica was a safe area in 1993. Nonetheless, two years later, this â€Å"safe area† had started to deteriorate in 1995 and marked the beginning of the traumatic genocide. The documentary showed how those protecting the Bosnian Muslims had started to withdraw their support in Srebrenica. Basic resources including food and medicine, as well as the fuel and ammunition, had started to lowered. Bosniak civilians suffered from famishment. A few also had been killed because of starvation. The humanitarian situation of Bosnian Muslims turned to be the worst. It is the case that even the United Nation forces in the Srebrenica had been affected from such withdrawal of support. The United Nation forces were no longer patrolling using their means of transport but were just on foot as they guarded the enclaves. Likewise, from 600 Dutch soldiers, it had dropped to only 400. Moreover, the Serbian forces were now within their territory. Their forces had become stronger and stronger an d were out of control. On the one hand, the forces governing the safety of the Bosnian Muslim civilians had also lowered. Support from the air forces was also rejected. They were made to hope about the support which never had come. The situation had become worse and worse every single day for the lives of the Bosnian Muslims who all had their lives and nothing else. The situation was far from achieving a peaceful Srebrenica. What happened was an environment of total insecurity. There was no hope for the lives of the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica asking for refuge. The documentary had illustrated the thousands of refugees from Srebrenica gathered around in the compound of United

Family Court of Western Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Family Court of Western Australia - Essay Example Court Officials and Counselling Service Staff of the Court gained new insights and skills in these very complex scenarios of family break-ups and litigation. The need to liase more closely with internal as well as outside service providers, such as counsellors, social workers, psychologists, and other experts, brought a greater feeling of common purpose and it was soon clear that a potential model of an integrated family court system was beginning to emerge. The Family Court of Australia was intended to be seen as a â€Å"helping court† with an informal and user-friendly approach, but this soon changed as formalising occurred naturally in response to intense emotional circumstances which would inevitably arise in cases of family especially where prevailing legal activities tended to result in adversarial stances on the part of litigants. It was felt that the system was still limited and the Family Court on its own could not achieve outcomes that would benefit all parties, but particularly the children. In view of the growing number of applications for divorce and threat of disintegration of society, it was felt that greater use should be made of professionals from the social sciences, including psychologists, social workers, and child specialists.

Chinese Logistics Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Chinese Logistics Companies - Essay Example ........................................................................... 20 How to devise strategy for logistics companies in China to fit in the tough market environment 1. Introduction The subprime crisis has had an enormous effect on the global financial markets. It has also affected the Chinese economy. China's economy has been faced with many difficulties which include global slowdown, the undulation of the oil price, pressure of RMB appreciation and inflation. The subprime crisis has been particularly cruel to the Chinese economy. The logistics industry in China is still at the beginning. Although it is developing fast, it has many problems. The out-dated management styles, obsolete information technology and haphazard planning of capital construction in the national transportation system and so on restrict the development of the logistics industry in China. However foreign competitors pay attention to this potential market due to the fact that their existing operational capabilities elsewhere can be effectively utilized in China. Flynn (2006) argues that foreign logistics companies entering the Chinese market, especially after WTO accession, brought tremendou s pressure to bear on the local companies. This situation forces them to improve their technology and reformulate their strategy. At the same time, the Chinese government recognizes the significance of the logistics industry to China's continuing economic prosperity. Millar (2006), for instance has shown that the Chinese government has seen logistics as a strategic imperative. Gradual deregulation combined with immense investment in the transportation infrastructure to improve the logistics development is an inevitable outcome of this desire. While, depending on the...However foreign competitors pay attention to this potential market due to the fact that their existing operational capabilities elsewhere can be effectively utilized in China. Flynn (2006) argues that foreign logistics companies entering the Chinese market, especially after WTO accession, brought tremendous pressure to bear on the local companies. This situation forces them to improve their technology and reformulate t heir strategy. At the same time, the Chinese government recognizes the significance of the logistics industry to China's continuing economic prosperity. Millar (2006), for instance has shown that the Chinese government has seen logistics as a strategic imperative. Gradual deregulation combined with immense investment in the transportation infrastructure to improve the logistics development is an inevitable outcome of this desire. While, depending on the government's help is not enough. The logistics companies must revise their strategies to promote their competitive advantage to coordinate with the policy. If they cannot they will be left behind. Realizing how to devise strategy for logistics companies in China to fit in the tough market environment is becoming more and more important to the logistics companies. The aim of this research paper is to highlight on logistics op

Management Accounting Techniques for Competitive Advantage

Management Accounting Techniques for Competitive Advantage Hadika plc A Report:  The Use of Management Accounting Techniques for Achievement of Competitive Advantage Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction The current financial crisis has in the space of one year radically changed the global business environment. Resulting in failures and bankruptcies of international banks and financial institutions, sharp increases in mortgage failures and home repossessions, drastically reduced availability of credit, termination of thousands of job, and increasing unemployment, the crisis is expected to impact the market for cars, Hadika plc’s main product, significantly. Demand for cars is already showing signs of reducing, leading to their stockpiling at factories, dealers, and ports. Whilst sales of cheaper cars, which form Hadika’s major product range, have not until now experienced worrying drops, future prospects remain uncertain and the market is expected to become far more competitive. Company managements, especially those of smaller firms, need to become more conscious of costs and efficiencies, and aware of management accounting techniques, in order to improve their operational efficiencies, product costs and internal reporting. This management report focuses first on (a) the need for operational managers to understand and use management accounting techniques, (b) the similarities and differences between financial and management accounting principles and methods, (c) the roles played by management accountants, (d) the most suitable classification of costs for the company and (e) the application of management accounting techniques in pricing decisions, and thereafter takes up the appropriateness and use of management accounting techniques to maintain and increase the company’s market share. 2. Management Accounting Management accounting (MA) essentially involves the use of financial and accounting tools and techniques by managers of business firms to improve operational efficiencies, control and reduce costs, improve sales volumes and sales mix, and increase productivity, profitability, market share, and competitive advantage.[1] Whilst based upon similar accounting fundamentals, MA is essentially different from financial accounting. Financial accounting is primarily a recording method that aims to present a true and fair picture of (a) the revenues, expenses and profits of businesses during specific determined periods, and (b) the value of their assets and liabilities on a specific date, for all users of prepared financial statements. This aim of financial accounting to provide a true and fair picture of the operations and the assets of businesses has resulted in the development of a vast and intricate system of accounting that has been shaped by influences from accountants, auditors, taxation authorities, regulatory bodies, stock exchanges, company managements, and other stakeholders.[2] Whilst financial accounting has evolved in different directions in different regions and countries, globalisation is leading to the convergence of these different methods and to the gradual evolution of a single standardised global financial accounting system.[3] MA, like financial accounting, helps in providing a picture of the company’s operations. Its basic approach is however very different and it serves more as an internal accounting tool that helps managements to improve their costs and cost structures, productivity, operational efficiency, sales performance, and profitability.[4] Based upon the same time tested accounting methods as financial accounting, MA uses more of cost accounting techniques and has essentially evolved and enlarged from the cost accounting methods that were pioneered by John Wedgwood during the great recession.[5] The use of MA as an internal management tool allows for great flexibility in its usage and scope and encourages its shaping and modification by the needs of operating processes, businesses, and organisations.[6] MA uses accepted costing methods like batch, process, standard and activity based costing. It helps managements to determine unit costs, variable costs, fixed costs, and breakeven points. Processes like marginal costing, Make or Buy and Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analyses help in determination of product profitability and optimisation of sales mix; budgeting techniques aid in optimising operational performance and cash flows through comparison of actual performance against budgets and analysing positive and negative variances.[7] The company currently determines unit costs by absorbing all costs incurred by the company into individual products and dividing such costs by simple parameters like production or sales numbers.[8] Such a system, whilst in use in many firms, is likely to lead to erroneous costing build-ups, misleading information and inappropriate pricing decisions.[9] Classification of Hadika’s costs into Variable Costs, (those that are dependent upon production volume; like material and direct labour), and Fixed Costs, (those that are incurred irrespective of production volume; like salaries, rents and depreciation), will enable the organisation to ascertain breakeven points at different sales prices and sales volumes and make appropriate pricing decisions, which in turn will help in achieving competitive advantage, market penetration, and profit optimisation.[10] CVP analyses will allow the firm to determine the effect of various cost, price and volume combinations upon organisational profitability and assist significantly in taking decisions regarding determination of sales mix, introduction of new products and phasing out of unprofitable products or product lines.[11] Sensitivity analyses and cost and volume simulations will help Hadika in forecasting the impact of changes in costs and volumes upon profitability.[12] Management accountants are expected to compile records, statements, and forecasts, on the basis of historical and projected figures for sales, costs and other expenses, with the use of current cost and management accounting techniques.[13] Their job, whilst being grounded in basic accounting and cost accounting concepts, is essentially interdisciplinary and interdepartmental, needing them to investigate the nature of different costs and revenues and analyse them in a user friendly manner for the use of management, as well as for the sales, and production departments.[14] Whilst management accountants make use of normal computing aids like Excel spreadsheets for their computation and analysis, the development of sophisticated ERP software has empowered them significantly and they are now able to provide far more complex analyses of the impact of developments in various business areas upon organisational productivity, cost efficiency and profitability. 3. Application of Management Accounting Methods at Hadika With the current financial crisis reducing credit availability, employment, and incomes, across the advanced nations, the market for cars is likely to be affected drastically in the coming months; buyers are expected to increasingly look for products that are cheap, economical to run, and provide value for money. The crisis is expected to be particularly hard on people in higher income groups, consequent to their wealth evaporating in the face of stock market meltdowns. The market for larger cars is forecasted to shrink much faster than those of smaller compacts and sub-compacts; which are cheaper and more economical to operate and maintain. Management accounting techniques in this scenario should be employed to examine and analyse costs, sales prices, sales volumes, and sales mixes, in order to empower the company management to take appropriate action for improvement of competitive advantage, and for maintaining and improving market share. The use of variable costing will enable managers to know the composition and amount of direct costs for each component and each product, as well as the expected contribution from each product. Products with higher unit contributions being more profitable than others, contribution analysis will enable the management to localise more profitable products and determine the thresholds to which prices of these products can be reduced. Such initiatives will also help the management in investigating and analysing â€Å"make or buy† options, and if possible in outsourcing the production of some components from more economical sources; thus driving down the company’s cost of production. Outsourcing of components from more economical producers will in turn lead to the identification of surplus employees, who can then either be deployed effectively in other activities, or let go, both options leading to cost savings and improvements in efficiency. The segregation of costs into fixed and variable will also bring all fixed costs into focus and provide numerous other opportunities for cost savings through the identification of (a) unutilised or underutilised workforce, rent, or machinery, and (b) excessive costs in administration, travel, entertainment, external consultants, electricity, canteen expenses and legal fees, thus opening up numerous areas in which costs could progressively be reduced without upsetting the working of the company or employee morale. Comparison of sales forecasts with actual achievements, accompanied by analysis of variances and study of product contribution, could help the company in focussing on poorly performing products, followed by identification of reasons for poor performance, and the possibilities and consequences of introducing price or even, (if the situation so warrants), production cuts. CVP analysis will allow managers to gain instant access to the results of numerous permutations of sales mix, in terms of individual and composite break even points and profitability, thus allowing them to target on the optimum sales mix, both from the point of view of the market and of the firm. Application of MA techniques will help the company to (a) control and reduce costs (b) focus on profitable and unprofitable segments by way of contribution analysis, (c) decide upon price reductions and (d) strategically pass on cost advantages to the customer or dealer to increase competitive advantage and market share. Analysis and simulation of Cash Flows, another integral component of MA, will help the management to understand the effect of these changes on the cash flows of the company and enable timely corrective action. 4. Conclusion and Recommendations Management Accounting methods help managements of firms in improving understanding of costs, control and management of costs, and the effect of changes of costs and volumes on profits and cash flows, and by doing so help in the taking of complex decisions that can significantly affect organisational working. Whilst the use of MA techniques prove to be helpful at all points of time, they become imperative in times of increased competition or market recession, not just for improvement of competitive advantage but for simple survival. Their use in these critical times is deemed to be essential, as is their knowledge at all decision making levels of the company. Word Count: 1614 (Excluding Title Page and Table of Contents) Bibliography Bell J, and Ansari, S, 1995, Strategy and Management Accounting, Houghton Miffin Company, Retrieved November 24, 2008 from college.hmco.com/accounting/ansari/management/1e/students/modules/mod11.pdf Bhimani, A, (2003), Management Accounting in the Digital Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press Guidry, F., Horrigan, J. O., Craycraft, C. (1998), CVP Analysis: A New Look. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(1), 74+ Gul, F. A., Tsui, J. S. (2001), Free Cash Flow, Debt Monitoring, and Audit Pricing: Further Evidence on the Role of Director Equity Ownership. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 20(2), 71 Heymann, H. G., Bloom, R. (1990), Opportunity Cost in Finance and Accounting, Westport, CT: Quorum Books Lawrence, C. M. (2006), Cost Management: A Strategic Focus, 3d Ed. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(3), 324+ Mascha, M. F. (2002). Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions. Issues in Accounting Education, 17(4), 451+ Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (1992). The New Foundations of Management Accounting, New York: Quorum Books Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2002). Behavioural Management Accounting, Westport, CT: Quorum Books Roberts, C, Westman, P, and Gordon, P, 2005, International Financial Reporting: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA Thompson, R. (1986). Understanding Cash Flow: A System Dynamics Analysis, 23+ 1 [1] Bhimani, A, (2003), Management Accounting in the Digital Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press [2] Roberts, C, Westman, P, and Gordon, P, (2005), International Financial Reporting: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edition, FT Prentice Hall, USA [3] Roberts Others, (2005) [4] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992), The New Foundations of Management Accounting, New York: Quorum Books [5] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992) [6] Lawrence, C. M, (2006), Cost Management: A Strategic Focus, 3d Ed. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(3), 324+ [7] Lawrence, (2006) [8] Mascha, M. F, (2002), Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions. Issues in Accounting Education, 17(4), 451+ [9] Mascha, (2002) [10] Mascha, (2002) [11] Guidry, F., Horrigan, J. O., Craycraft, C. (1998), CVP Analysis: A New Look. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(1), 74+ [12] Mascha, (2002) [13] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992) [14] Riahi-Belkaoui, A, (1992)

Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Ken Kesey and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, with its meaningful message of individualism, was an extremely influential novel during the 1960's. In addition, its author, Ken Kesey, played a significant role in the development of the counterculture of the 60's; this included all people who did not conform to society's standards, experimented in drugs, and just lived their lives in an unconventional manner. Ken Kesey had many significant experiences that enabled him to create One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. As a result of his entrance into the creative writing program at Stanford University in 1959 (Ken 1), Kesey moved to Perry Lane in Menlo Park. It was there that he and other writers first experimented with psychedelic drugs. After living at Perry Lane for a while, Kesey's friend, Vik Lovell, informed him about experiments at a local V.A. hospital in which volunteers were paid to take mind-altering drugs (Wolfe 321). Kesey's experiences at the hospital were his first step towards writing Cuckoo's Nest. Upon testing the effects of the then little-known drug, LSD, "...he was in a realm of consciousness he had never dreamed of before and it was not a dream or delirium but part of his awareness (322)." This awareness caused him to believe that these psychedelic drugs could enable him to see things the way they were truly meant to be seen. After working as a test subject for the hospital, Kesey was able to get a job working as a psychiatric aide. This was the next significant factor in writing the book. "Sometimes he would go to work high on acid (LSD) (323)." By doing so, he was able to understand the pain felt by the patients on the ward. In addition, the job allowed him to examine everything that went on within the confines of the hospital. From these things, Kesey obtained exceptional insight for writing One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. To make the novel seem as realistic as possible, he loosely based the characters on the personalities of people in the ward; also, his use of drugs while writing allowed him to make scenes such as Chief Bromden's (The Chief is the narrator of the story.

Different Style of Learning

Different Styles of Learning By Jason D. Himel COLL100 DO41 WIN 13 American Military University Maureen Horowitz As individuals I found we all learn in many different ways. You have from people learning on-line while other attends a class room environment. Some people are hands on learners while others can read an assignment and retain the information very well. When I first started this exercise I thought to myself how I learn the material I am trying to obtain. After taking all four of the surveys and completing the exercises I found it very interesting the breakdown of my learner abilities.In all the styles and ways of learning I found that I am a visual learner. As a visual learner I prefer hands on training, taking lots of notes, and visual seeing the big picture and then breaking down the picture while trying to understand how it all comes together. But being a visual learner doesn’t really stop here. I decided to go further into detail to see what a visual learner means to me. I have decided to seek a college degree to prepare myself for the future and prepare myself for the new chapter in life. I only have about two years remaining in the military and a few courses left to complete my bachelor degree.My supervisor a few weeks ago sat down with me really broke it down for me and helps me understand time management and finding time to finish my degree. She pretty much gave me a more time so I can finish my education. A challenge I am willing to accept. Despite me working full time and many long hours I decided to attend on-line classes. Considering surveys taken; on-line courses is one of my weaknesses since how I prefer eyes on and hands on training but through the proper motivation and dedication I can overcome my weakness and make it my strength. This I hope I am able to overcome and do extremely well.As I was doing the exercises I found two of which most interesting and yet I totally agree was from the learning styles and strategies website and the learning style preference website. My learning style is sequential and global learner and my style of preference was a kinesthetic learner. According to Felder & Soloman, a sequential learner tends to gain understanding in linear steps, with each step following logically from the previous one. Global learners tend to learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly â€Å"getting it.Retrieved from http://www4. ncsu. edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/ILSdir/styles. htm. In The Center for New Discoveries in Learning, a kinesthetic learner we prefer to be a hands-on learner and most likely love to move around frequently, like athletics, and to build things with your hands. Be grateful for your talents and also, it is important to know that most company and school environments cater to people whose highest learning style preference is visual. Retrieved from http://www. howtolearn. com/quiz-results? id=34681D5B-149A-D43E-1E F8-212F30D45B44&source=HTL. In conclusion, now I have a better understanding on my particular learning styles and habits I believe in can improve on areas that I may be weak at by taking it upon myself by learning other styles individuals have mastered. This will help me more effectively interact, while also increasing my learning potential because I can learn from other individuals. Knowledge truly is power, and the more I acquire, and the more I can learn from myself and other people, the better off I will be.

Investment in the Food Processing Industry Essay Example

Investment in the Food Processing Industry Essay Example Investment in the Food Processing Industry Essay Investment in the Food Processing Industry Essay Investment in the Food Processing Industry Few industries are as broad as the food processing industry, but Bangladesh does well on all fronts: confectionery as well as organic, frozen, and chilled foods. Our market – one of Asia’s largest – brings almost every international food player here. This strength is only expected to improve as consumption trends and the good reputation of our products promise higher future sales. For investors, too, the time is ripe. A fragmented, pre-consolidation industry allows investors access to the market, its distribution channels, and its technological capabilities. Bangladesh has a well-established food processing sector, which relies on domestic agricultural production and is oriented mainly to domestic needs. It includes sugar refining and milling, production of edible oils, processing and preserving of fruits and fruit juices as well as fish processing, especially shrimp and prawns. As a tropical country Bangladesh has a plentiful domestic supply of exotic fruits and sea species. We have decided to take Processed Fruit Products as our industry item. Targeting the upper and upper middle class consumers of the major cities as more and more people live in the cities far away from where food is grown and produced food. In many families the adults are working away from home and therefore there is little time for purchasing fresh fruits and make any item out of that. The Fruit Processing Business model: The Theme: We have selected processed food industry for our analysis. We are focusing on the processed fruit segment. Our idea is to establish Fruit Processing Centers at different places of the city. The place would be something like a refreshing corner for the customers just after a tiring journey, or place where they can think of visiting at a break from the days work. The centers will sell different seasonal fresh fruit juice along with young coconut water, milkshake, etc. they can also have different dried fruits and fruit salads. Customers can have it sitting at the juice corner; again they can take away to home for having the item later. Logic of the business: Nowadays customers are moving toward healthy products. They are more and more conscious towards avoiding cholesterol and thus try to avoid junk foods as much as they can. But usually it is tough to find a food corner where health conscious items are instantly available. Lots of people love different sorts of seasonal juicy fruits, but they are quite bored with have it at home in a regular way. Some are again okay with having fruits at home but definitely they would love to have it after a tiring task outside home, near their workplace. For example, students after a long lecture session or exam would love to have a glass of fresh juice if it’s presented in clean and delicious way. People at office would love to have a juicy break after a meeting or at any office break. What these customer groups are having now around them? Just regular fruits sold at regular manner. They may not feel to buy and then peel it off to have it. They may be even conscious about cleanliness. They are absolutely not a position to prepare fresh juice by themselves even if they want. They can have at best clinically processed and preserved juices at stores. But there is no readily available corner where consumers can have processed delicious fresh fruit items, which can serve as both refreshment and nutritious recipes for them. So FRUITY FRESH would be there to supply something real fresh and delicious. Brand name ‘FRUITY FRESH’: The target is to establish brand name FRUITY FRESH. To fulfill this objective all outlets would have to decorate similarly. A logo needs to work out, which will be seen everywhere at signage, advertisement, inside the outlet, even at tissue papers that would be served to customers. Special crockery with the logo would have to order that would be used for customers. The workers and sellers of outlets would have to have specific dresses (with logo symbolized) to serve the customers. The idea is to spread the feel of FRUITY FRESH towards consumers mind. The target is to establish the outlets to that extent where customers would feel same at any outlet of FRUITY FRESH. The name would serve as identity of the business in the market. Customers will be thrilled to visit the place to get refreshed; on weekdays, being tired to feel rejuvenated and on weekends to hang out with family and friends. Demographics of the target customers: The target customers are the upper, upper middle class and middle class customers, who seek quality over price. In case of education, occupation and income, they tend to be closely correlated in almost a cause-and-effect relationship. So, our target customers are desired to have good educational backgrounds that may be working or may not be working. Students of private universities, shoppers, office employees are special segment. Business Units: To enter into the industry we need to chalk out a plan first on how to do the business. Business units will be like following: -Central Administrative office -Selling outlets at different places of Dhaka city. Central Administrative Office: The central administrative office would be responsible for all sorts of planning and executing plans through the selling outlets. This centre would take care of: -Value chain management activities, including – oPurchasing of machinery oPurchasing of raw materials oProcessing of canned juice, coconut milk, fruit candy bar, etc. oTimely distributing of raw materials to the outlets, etc. -Financial management and accounting activities including oForecasting oBudgeting, oRecording and reporting oCash management -Marketing activities like Surveys and market research oBranding advertising etc Additionally it will be also responsible for all sorts of administrative and human resource management works – from premise maintenance to recruiting of correctly qualified human resource to different places. Selling Outlets Primarily there would be five outlets through out the Dhaka city. The places can be as follows: -Banani (Kemal Attatuk Avenue) -Gulsh an 1 -Uttara -Dhanmondi (Riffles Square) -Bashundhara City Shop opens at 10:00 am, ends at 8:00 pm, or whatever highest government allows. The outlets would serve customers from different sectors for their different needs. In these outlets customers can both have them instantly and again can take it away for have it later. Sitting arrangements of 20 people at a time would be there. The outlets would have some shelf items too. These are mainly canned juice, canned coconut milk, canned fruits, dried fruits like nuts, dates, etc. Customers would get fruits in these outlets depends on season as well as availability. Premise Decoration Selling outlets would be painted in soothing colors. Cleanliness of premise would be at utmost preference. The goal is to â€Å"Customers will have to feel cool light just after entering by looking at a clean nicely decorated place†. Sufficient lights will have to be there. Glass built areas will have to clean hourly. Instant cleaning people will have to there for this sort of service. Though it will increase little cost, but it will attract customers to visit the place again and again. If after a tiring journey or being overloaded at office they can breathe well while having a glass of juice, they will try to go there frequently. They will happily refer to friends family regarding the place. Products Instant consumable items: oLemon / lime juice oYoung coconut water oSeasonal fresh fruit juice oMilkshake oCoffee oTea oMineral water oDried fruits oMango Candy oFruit Salad Take away items oCanned fruit juice (seasonally) oCanned coconut milk oCanned Milk shake oMineral water oDried fruits oFruit Candy As the outlets are serving mainly as juice corner, other items would be limited in some aspects. There would be fruit salad, where customers can have a desired mix of fruits. Again there would some set mix of fruits which can be chosen. Fruit category will depend on season and availability. One special item of these outlets is coconut. Young coconut water is very popular to people of all age group. It instantly refreshes all from their tiredness. So FRUITY FRESH would be there to serve coconut water. A cleanly processed coconut, with a colorful straw in it – would give them a feel of freshness just after looking at it. Again in our culture coconut milk adds a new taste in recipe. So readily processed coconut milk served in can, would relief its desired customer group. It will save their time and effort at home. Besides regular items on fruit, tea, coffee, mineral water, soft drinks etc would be available. Dried fruits of several kinds would be there in pack form. Different fruits would be served as candy bar. In our culture, mango bar is very popular to people of different age category. Presentation of products: The presentation of juice and other items would be exclusive. Branded glass and crockery will be used. The fruits itself would be used to decorate the item. For example, there would be a slice of lime with lemon juice. The juice content would be clear, simply looking fresh and chill. The presentation itself would make the brand a exclusive one. Expertise from chefs will add a new look in items. Uniqueness of presentation will add an extra point to bring customers towards FRUITY FRESH. Raw materials requirements As the business implies, fruits are the main raw materials. The FRUITY FRESH will be real choosy to select fruits from its vendors. The fruits have to be fresh enough to serve after few hours. Other than fruits some items would be required regularly. These can be sugar, vinegar for salad, milk for tea, coffee, shakes, etc. Necessary items would have to purchase from vendors offering competitive prices. Other requirements: All outlets will have to have juicer machine, blender machine, coffee makers, etc. machinery items sufficiently. Crockery items, cleaning items, tissue papers, paper cups (as required) are needed. All sorts of items need to be purchased from local markets having good quality and in competitive prices. Michael Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis: Bargaining power of Suppliers: Suppliers of raw materials, components, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm, or e. g. charge excessively high prices for unique resources. But in case of the fruit processing industry we found the following points. -The basic raw material of Fruit Processing industry is Fruit. As the production and export of Fruits is not controlled or syndicated in Bangladesh, we feel there will be minimal possibility of hard bargain on the part of the suppliers. -Again as we are not going to focus on one specific fruit rather will try to inherit a seasonal flavor in the production, the possibility of facing a supply crisis is minimized. Fruit processing machineries of good quality are easily available at a competitive price from different international suppliers. -A good number of vendors are available to supply crockery and stationeries with the logo. Bargaining power of Customers: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure and it also affects the customers sensitivity to price changes. -In terms of Buyer vs. Seller concentration this industry will be on the winning side as there are very few Fruit processing units in the country producing demandable quality products. And the demand for processed fruit is growing amongst the target consumers. As the target consumer group will not be willing to compromise quality and hygiene for price, there will be less threat to overcome the cost of product. -Most of the product will be of the shelf products. The threat of substitute products The existence of close substitute products increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases (high elasticity of demand). But, -There is no substitute product for fresh fruits, other than the substitution amongst the different verities of fruits. But as the seasonal fruits of are unique in taste there is little chance of one being substituted by the other. The other threat is from the differential process mechanism of the fruit and the way it is being presented. -Substitute pro ducts threatening the proposed project: cold drinks (e. g. Fanta, Mirinda), instant drinks (e. g. Tang, Foster Clerk) etc. The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will draw firms. The result is many new entrants, which will effectively decrease profitability. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the profit rate will fall towards a competitive level (perfect competition). And this industry is no different. -Fruit processing industry has very few players in Bangladesh and it is a growing industry there will be little or no restriction for new competitors to enter into the business. -The supply channel is wide enough to accommodate new entrants -The consumer size is more than the seller size so the entrants may well be playing a supporting role rather than a threatening role. The intensity of competitive rivalry For most industries, this is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. Sometimes rivals compete aggressively and sometimes rivals compete in non-price dimensions such as innovation, marketing, etc. In this case the main competition will be on, -Quality of products -Freshness of raw material i. e. Fruits -Price of products -Variety of products -Presentation of the products -Location and reach The existing competitors are, oThe local packed juice producing companies (e. g. Pran, Sheezan) oThe international packed juice producing companies (e. g. Frooti, Tropicana) oExisting outlets providing of-the-counter fresh fruit juice. oLocal packed processed fruit products like Pran Mango Bar. Conclusion: From the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis presented above, it is seen that this business has a high potential for profitability and growth. Bargaining power of supplier and threat of substitute product is not a matter of concern. Entry of new competitors is the main threat to be considered as it will increase the intensity of the competitive rivalry as well as bargaining power of the customers day by day. However, exploiting the opportunity as the first mover, building a strong brand and increasing the number of outlets in prime locations will ensure a sustainable growth of the business.

The Writing Guide for a Proper Medicine Term Paper

The Writing Guide for a Proper Medicine Term Paper The essential objectives of higher education are to prepare students for their professional career, teach them to think independently and install the skills necessary to perform scientific research. Therefore, at the end of an academic course, a professor might give the assignment to write a standard research paper. It is also called an academic term paper. However, this type of essay is not necessarily as large as scholarly papers or dissertations, as some high school or college students think. Writing a term paper is not a hard and monotonous task. On the contrary, writing can give an opportunity to delve deeper into the research topic and help develop essential skills needed for future scientific work in the academic field. Certainly, writing a medicine essay may seem like a challenging task by itself, especially if a potential writer has problems with articulating or writing down thoughts. Some students who are writing their first term paper can be intimidated by the complex task ahead of them. However, even if a person thinks that he or she cannot do it or do not know where to start, following a simple guideline and several necessary medicine term paper writing tips and prompts will help develop some essential skills for academic writing, as well as the essential knowledge regarding a medicine term paper format of writing. The Research Stage: Choosing a Suitable Topic Generally, a topic for medicine term paper depends on students’ personal interests and must be relevant to the academic course. Sometimes, a professor can give suggestions for an appropriate research subject that will reflect students aspirations for a research paper. Moreover, the course curriculum might require the medicine term paper to cover a particular issue or a specific disease. There are several examples of general topics for medical term research: Antidepressants The history of discovery, research regarding antidepressant drugs, how they became commonly accepted way of depression treatment, or description of widely used types of antidepressants and their effectiveness. It is straightforward, but an interesting and extensive topic. The Dangers of Substance Abuse This issue is suitable for health-related research where an author can describe the dangers of drug or alcohol abuse and related medical conditions. Moreover, a term paper can be aimed at the analysis of the problem and present suitable alternatives for its solution. Alzheimer’s Disease Because this medical condition can be severely debilitating and large number of people have relatives suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, close examination of this topic will help understand etiology and symptoms of the disease. Vaccination Nowadays, it is a widely discussed topic in social media that becomes a significant dilemma for some parents. The medicine term paper focusing on this issue could discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccination, as well as reflect personal opinions and conclusions of the author. Modern Diseases Medical specialists consider several diseases to be specific to the modern community and connected to pollution and global warming. This topic can be explored by explaining how recent changes in environment and lifestyle affect the physical and mental health of an individual. Also, it is possible to make a note of these examples of bad topics: What to Do with Alcoholism? The Cure for Cancer; How to Prolong Human Life; Telekinesis and Brain. Defining a Topic and Developing a Research Question After choosing a topic that fits the sphere of interests of a student, he or she needs to formulate a research question and the goals of the research. A medicine term paper should be focused on specific issues or aimed to find an answer to a particular question. This is a first essential step to writing an academic paper because it will be challenging, or even impossible, to perform and describe medical research without identified and understood objectives. Therefore, to write a comprehensive medical essay, a student should analyze the information and decide on a suitable research objective. Moreover, after formulating a research question, a writer will be able to plan an outline and define a title for a medicine term paper. The list of research questions is based on previously presented examples of medical essay topics: What are the advantages of SSRIs over other antidepressants in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder? In this case, a term paper will be focused on the effects of specific types of antidepressants on the condition of OCD patients. For example, it can present a comparison between SSRI and Clomipramine treatment plans and its outcomes. Based on the knowledge from the college course and information obtained during research what is students’ opinion on the problem of alcoholism? In this essay, it is possible to analyze recent data regarding alcohol abuse in a particular region or country and reflect on issues it introduces in the society. Is it possible to effectively predict the onset of Alzheimer’s disease with the help of MRI? A term research paper based on this narrow topic will analyze existing research aimed at the early diagnosis of the Alzheimer’s disease. It will also attempt to assess MRI’s efficiency in the diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of this medical condition. Can potential side-effects of vaccinations outweigh outcomes of life-threatening diseases that could have been prevented by the scheduled shots? While this research topic might be controversial, the importance of immunization cannot be overstated. Therefore, an author could evaluate the benefits and possible hazards of vaccination in this medicine term paper. How did an increase in CO2 emission in the last 20 years affect the health of the urban population in the USA? This research question presents the author with an opportunity to address the impact of human-made environmental changes on population health in a specific country. A student could also provide his or her solutions to the problem in this medical term paper. Reading Relevant Literature and Finding Sources for Medicine At this stage, a writer should study primary literature and obtain general information relevant to the topic of the term paper. To answer the chosen research question, a researcher could use information from encyclopedias, textbooks, dictionaries, academic reviews, articles on the Internet. Thus, it will allow understanding the background and important nuances of the chosen research subject. Moreover, a writer will have an opportunity to investigate the conclusions of previous researches on the topic. This stage should not be ignored. Otherwise, it will be difficult to make a coherent plan. Making a Plan or an Outline of a Research Paper When a student gets a general idea regarding the topic of the term paper, it is time to begin drafting an outline. More precisely, the plan of the essay should represent a brief outline of the paper’s structure and help guide the research. However, there are no strict rules regarding an outline, and an approach depends on writers preferences and chosen topic. The general suggestions include breaking up the main question into several subtopics, developing sections within the larger framework, and ensuring logical connections between paragraphs. Furthermore, a brief outline of the medical term paper may be later used in the table of contents. There should be at least one sentence for each paragraph in the outline. Also, this part of the paper should include a brief description of the main idea and issues that must be stated in the particular paragraph. Therefore, an outline should give the reader a clear understanding of the paper’s structure and its central ideas. It is easier to rewrite an outline several times than revise the entire term paper later. Further Reading and the Analysis of Secondary Sources After researching the primary literature, formulating a research question, and completing an outline, students can envision the precise steps required for the completion of the medicine term paper. By now, a writer should know what types of secondary sources would be used and what kind of information to look for. Moreover, college courses usually provide students with lists of necessary textbooks and primary resources which can be successfully used for the essay. However, term paper still should be supported with relevant secondary sources such as peer-reviewed articles in medical journals, academic papers, and dissertations. Search for secondary sources represents a major part of the research process. When writing a medicine term paper, it is especially important to use relevant, respectful, and recent researches because the medical field can radically change in just a few years. Structuring and Compiling the Medical Material After collecting the material and completing research, a student needs to structure information into chapters and paragraphs. Although this stage seems straightforward, there are several pitfalls. Some students, especially in high school, believe that the best approach is to write a large research paper with extensive information. As a result, their medicine term paper can contain 40 pages instead of the required 10. However, this is an erroneous approach because writers are required to emphasize the essential arguments and points of the research. The information that ends up in a term paper should support the conclusions. Therefore, individual chapters with corresponding titles, as stated in the table of contents, comprise the body of the essay. Each chapter, or section, supports a particular part of the thesis or an argument and preserves the integrity of the paper in general. Avoiding Plagiarism in Your Medicine Term Paper Nowadays, finding sources for term papers is relatively easy because of the Internet. However, for the same reason, students should be careful to avoid plagiarism. Most professors accept term papers not just in print, but also in electronic form to examine it through anti-plagiarism software. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure that the term paper is unique by citing every direct quote and adequately paraphrasing any other utilized information. Importance of citing every alien thought or idea cannot be overstated. Plagiarism is not only frowned upon in the academic environment, but it may also lead to expulsion from high school or college in the USA. Providing Arguments and Personal Opinion The goal of writing a term paper is to learn the main academic principles and perform research concluded with arguments and reflections of the student. For this reason, each subject or subtopic should be presented in a separate paragraph. While the first sentence of a paragraph indicates what it is going to be about, each section usually ends with a personal conclusion on the topic. Moreover, although it is important for author’s statements and arguments to be supported by secondary resources, term paper should present the results of personal research and consequent reflections on it. In conclusion, a student is allowed and encouraged to enter in discussion with cited authors by either agreeing or disagreeing with them. Final Stages of Writing a Medicine Term Paper Generally, students should write an introduction and conclusion of the term paper after completing other parts of the research. Although it is clear that the conclusion is added last, the introduction should also be written at the very end. That is because during the research the proposed hypothesis can be refuted, or a student can decide to change the thesis statement. In this case, it is possible to put forward a new hypothesis, corresponding to the conclusions of the performed research. In the final stage of the medical term paper, a student should present a summary of the essay. Moreover, a conclusion of outstanding research should include analysis of the discussed subject and personal reflections of the author regarding its validity and implications. Goals, tasks, and thesis should be logically connected with research results in conclusion. Therefore, these two parts of the term paper, its framework, are written simultaneously. Since the contents of the essay can change several times during the research, it makes no sense to start writing with an introduction. Formatting and Style: Tips from Our Writers Students should adhere to the formatting style specified by their professor or academic guidelines for the type of an essay. There are two commonly used formatting styles for medical term papers AMA and APA. The main difference between them is that AMA style uses superscript numbers for in-text citations. In contrast, APA papers use the author’s name and publication year enclosed in parenthesis. Although most colleges provide guidelines for their preferred style, there are basic rules used in academic writing such as Times New Roman 12 point font and double line spacing. The integral components of the medical term paper include a cover page, references, outline, table of contents, and others as specified by course instructions. Generally, a cover page includes paper title, author’s name, course name, and header with a running title. Another important part of the term paper is a references page which includes all of the sources used by the author with appropriate formatting and in-text citations. Entries in the references should be listed in alphabetical order. After completing all of the stages, it is necessary to proofread and check all the references. Feel how less nervous you are now? Hopefully, our medicine term paper writing guide will be within the close reach at any time you need some useful help with term paper writing in Medicine. The job is as good as done when you’re well-prepared for academic writing. Have a safe trip to the exciting academic writing world!

CoupContrecoup Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CoupContrecoup Injury - Essay Example In this clinical review paper, the clinical concepts from the latest literature will be synthesized about this type of injury, its incidence, physiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods used in the practice, and implications on the advanced nurse practice management. Basically coup/contrecoup arises from contusive injury to the brain when both the impact of direct trauma and trauma due to movement of the brain within the skull leading to impact on the opposite site are responsible. However, the clinical signs and symptoms and as a result, the management would depend on the degree of the trauma and the extent of the injury. Nurses, while planning a care of such patients must be aware of the advancements in management, and a clinical update based on review of the researches is therefore necessary. In this article, the findings have been presented in a concise manner. The problem of head injury is enormous. In the United States, it accounts for fatalities, disabilities, and morbidities of great numbers each year. Moreover, many multitruama victims also have associated head injuries. This occurs predominantly among young adult males aged 15 to 35 and quite frequently is associated with motor vehicle accident and alcohol use. In these patients, especially when it is associated with multiple traumas, the presence of head injury can be caused by trauma, direct or indirect. From the care point of view, this represents both surgical and medical challenges. Essential to the survival is a rapid and systematic approach to management that incorporates simultaneous assessment and resuscitation. Coup/contrecoup injury is the result of contusive brain injuries that occur with blunt trauma, in which the skull is not penetrated. It is to be remembered that anatomically brain literally floats in the cerebrospinal fluid, and therefore, any mechanical impact, eith er from falls, automobile accidents, assaults and violence, physical abuse, or recreation-related accidents, can cause the brain to move within the skull, resulting in focal, diffuse, or generalized injury. In fact any time, the head is subjected to violent force or motion, the soft and floating brain is slammed against the skull's uneven interior. In a coup/contrecoup injury, a moving object strikes the head, denting the skull inward and also knocking the brain against the opposite side of the skull. Thus, this can result into bruising in two places within the brain, at the site of the original point of contact and on the opposite side, where the brain struck the skull. These are included in the category of mild traumatic brain injury, where the neural damage may occur without involvement of the skull or the membranes, since there is considerable shear that can involve the neurons on the opposite side. This is a form of direct contact force mild traumatic brain injury resulting int o observable tissue damage in a particular area of the brain. The additional bruising on the opposite side may account for other associated symptoms such as personality changes, perceptual or sensory problems, difficulty expressing, and balance or motor difficulties. Incidence Epidemiologic data regarding coup/contrecoup injury is difficult to obtain due to inconsistencies in definition and classification. Moreover, many patients with

Read the passage and answer the four questions provided Essay

Read the passage and answer the four questions provided - Essay Example ut as by that law of out nature, which makes food necessary to the life of man, population can never actually increase beyond the lowest nourishment capable of supporting it†(Malthus, 431). Basically, this means that nature has made it so that humans must have food and water to survive, and this is how nature keeps the population in check because without enough nourishment humans will die, which keeps the population down. When the human population is at the appropriate equilibrium, there is enough food and resources to go around, which makes for a happy society. Thomas Malthus makes the assumption that the more food and resources that are available, the quicker the human population and demographics will grow. Without enough food to go around, the population is not likely to increase as the birth rates will decrease and death rates will increase, which creates a more stable population. Malthus believes that the period between the doubling of the population will be much lengthier if food becomes much more difficult to acquire(Malthus, 431). Overall, these assumption do appear to be valid in that it is common sense that without sustenance, any population is less likely to succeed and thrive. To a certain extent, the argument developed by Malthus appears to have some roots in the idea of natural selection. The overall idea with natural selection is that the strong will survive, and the weak will perish. With this type of argument in mind, it is fair to say that public relief for the poor is essentially going against natural selection. By providing food and charity to the poor, this weak population is being kept alive instead of dying off like nature intended it. Therefore, in the view of Thomas Malthus, public relief should be discontinued or halted altogether because keeping poor people alive continues the process of draining nature’s sustenance for the strong. In this way, charity is very harmful to the Earth and the human population as a whole because the